• Introduction Primitive neuroectodermal tumors PNETs are mali

  2019-08-21

  

  Introduction Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) are malignant, small round cell tumors of neural crest origin which typically arises from bone or soft tissue in the trunk/axial skeleton/paraspinal regions in adolescents and young adults and comprises of 50% cases with local recurrence and met

• histamine-1 receptor antagonist To develop novel EPAC inhibi

  2019-08-21

  

  To develop novel EPAC inhibitors, Zhou and co-workers optimized the HTS hit as the chemical lead. After modifications of the substituents on the phenyl ring or C6-position of compound , compound () was identified to be the more potent compound in this series with an IC value of 4.0µM (EPAC2). Dock

• br Acknowledgements This study was

  2019-08-21

  

  Acknowledgements This study was financially supported by the National Special Research Programs for Non-Profit Trades (Agriculture) (Grant No. 201303045) and the Basic Foundation for Scientific Research of the State-level Public Welfare Institutes of China (Grant No. 2013JB10). Introduction L

• The glycolytic pathway is a catabolic route that ends

  2019-08-21

  

  The glycolytic pathway is a catabolic route that ends with the synthesis of pyruvate (Pyr). In Arabidopsis embryos, the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to Pyr, catalyzed by pyruvate kinase (PK), is mainly located in the plastids [10], [11]. The preceding reaction is catalyzed by enolase (ENO

• CYP contributes to the metabolism of more

  2019-08-21

  

  CYP450 contributes to the metabolism of more than 90% of currently available drugs (Shapiro and Shear, 2002). Currently, CYP1A is the most studied xenobiotic-metabolizing isoform in fish and is often used as a biomarker for early effects of pollutants in aquatic organisms (Havelkova et al., 2007). T

• The structure of the HOIP RBR LDD module bound

  2019-08-21

  

  The structure of the HOIP RBR–LDD module bound to UbcH5~Ub reveals insights into an activated HOIP component [47]. Contacts between the E2~Ub and the non-cognate RBR module in the crystal suggest how a structure in which the active sites of the E2 and the E3 are in close proximity might look. In thi

• Contrary to the profuse dopaminergic innervation of the

  2019-08-21

  

  Contrary to the profuse dopaminergic innervation of the thalamus found in human and non-human primates (Brown et al., 1979, Sanchez-Gonzalez et al., 2005), in rodents, the RTn is one the few thalamic nuclei that receives dopaminergic input (Anaya-Martinez et al., 2006, Garcia-Cabezas et al., 2007, G

• The lungs dissected from week mice

  2019-08-21

  

  The lungs dissected from 4–5-week mice were cut into small pieces and then immersed in Dulbecco\'s modified Eagle\'s medium (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) containing collagenase II (2 mg/ml), trypsin (2.5 mg/ml), Dnase I (2 mg/ml), penicillin (100 U/ml), and streptomycin (100 μg/ml) for 12 hours at 37

• Functionally all members of the IL family

  2019-08-20

  

  Functionally, all members of the IL-12 family have been annotated along major inflammatory signaling axes but their roles have often weighed on opposing sides of the immunological balance. For instance, IL-12 and IL-23 are classified as pro-inflammatory cytokines [10] as opposed to the rather protec

• br Methodology The following subsections describe the steps

  2019-08-20

  

  Methodology The following subsections describe the steps of the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) process we followed [9]. Results In our review of the literature, we used the definitions provided by the IEEE Standard Computer Dictionary [15] to categorize the claims about the effectiveness

• br Acknowledgements Professor Olli A J nne

  2019-08-20

  

  Acknowledgements Professor Olli A. Jänne is warmly thanked for support and for providing excellent research facilities. Professor Patrik Finne is acknowledged for his help with statistical analyses. Drs Ronald Evans, Vincent Giguère, Jorma Palvimo, Malcolm Parker, and Anastasia Kralli are acknow

• ROS generation is crucial for NETs release upon both physiol

  2019-08-20

  

  ROS generation is crucial for NETs release upon both physiological or pathogenic stimuli [16,30]. In our study, we further verified this conclusion by demonstrating that SRA stimulation by Poly I enhanced intracellular ROS levels while scavenging of ROS by anti-oxidant agents effectively abolished t

• Epac proteins consist of a carboxyl terminal

  2019-08-20

  

  Epac proteins consist of a carboxyl-terminal catalytic region and an amino-terminal regulatory region, which harbors one cAMP-binding domain in Epac1 and two in Epac2 [22], [32], [51]. In the absence of cAMP, the regulatory region covers the CDC25-homology domain and autoinhibits Epac\'s enzymatic a

• Introduction Neuropathic pain occurs in approximately

  2019-08-20

  

  Introduction Neuropathic pain occurs in approximately one-third of patients with diabetes and is refractory to currently available analgesic drugs (Abbott et al., 2011). This painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is associated with elevated levels of methylglyoxal (MG; a reactive glucose metabolite) an

• Our knowledge of DDR induced signaling pathways is still fra

  2019-08-20

  

  Our knowledge of DDR-induced signaling pathways is still fragmentary. In particular, we do not know which signaling effectors interact with the phosphorylated receptors and how different effectors are linked to the control of specific cellular functions. The DDRs are at the interface between RTKs an

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