• HDAC enzymes oppose the effects of HATs

  2021-11-16

  

  HDAC enzymes oppose the effects of HATs by reversing lysine acetylation, an action that restores the positive charge of the lysine thus stabilizing the local chromatin structure. By removing acetyl groups from ε-amino lysines of proteins, HDACs not only alter transcription, but also promote either t

• There are five subfamilies of

  2021-11-15

  

  There are five subfamilies of P-type ATPases (I-V), which transport metal ions or phospholipids across membranes (Palmgren and Nissen, 2011). Although our studies indicate that the P-type ATPase domain is important for function, how it contributes to cGMP production is currently unknown. The P-type

• Our study expands our current knowledge

  2021-11-15

  

  Our study expands our current knowledge of Ras-like small GTPase molecules involved in TLR-mediated responses in macrophages. We found that steady-state levels of Rap2a mRNA and protein undergo alterations after stimuli with TLR agonists. Although statistically significant, the effect of LPS-induced

• TAPI-1 By regulation of synaptic glutamate concentration

  2021-11-15

  

  By regulation of synaptic glutamate concentration, glutamate transporters play an important role in limiting glutamate signaling and controlling the activation of glutamate receptors (Rimmele and Rosenberg, 2016). Reduced glutamate transport is thought to underlie the pathogenesis of numerous neurol

• In addition this study also showed no obvious increase in

  2021-11-15

  

  In addition, this study also showed no obvious increase in apoptosis but obvious increase in necrosis after WZB117 treatment. The possible reason is that apoptosis is an ATP-utilizing process which is an active and programmed form of cell death. In contrast, necrosis is an uncontrolled or pathologic

• Animal studies have shown that various antidepressant

  2021-11-15

  

  Animal studies have shown that various antidepressant treatment are capable of upregulating GR protein and mRNA in key SGC707 synthesis regions including the hippocampus and decreasing basal and/or stress-induced glucocorticoid secretion [37]. Changes in the level or function of GR regulate the neg

• Despite potent biological actions the native

  2021-11-15

  

  Despite potent biological actions, the native hormone undergoes degradation by the enzyme dipeptidylpeptidase-IV (DPP-IV) [17] and is rapidly cleared from the bloodstream by renal filtration [18]. One such approach to prolong the biological half-life of GIP is through conjugation with a polyethylene

• Forsythoside A In this study we describe the expression of g

  2021-11-15

  

  In this study, we describe the expression of galr2a and galr2b in zebrafish embryos using whole-mount in situ RNA hybridization. To further analyze the distribution of GALR2b and its interactions with galanin, we generated Tg(galr2b:egfp) zebrafish, which express EGFP under the control of a galr2b p

• br Results br Discussion The inflammasome consists of the

  2021-11-15

  

  Results Discussion The inflammasome consists of the sensor molecule nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs), the adaptor protein ASC, and the get more information molecule CASP1 (Guo et al., 2015). Among the different types of inflammasome, the NLRP3 inflammasome require

• br STAR Methods br Acknowledgments We would

  2021-11-15

  

  STAR★Methods Acknowledgments We would like to thank V. Gladyshev (Harvard), H. Kornblum (UCLA), L. Greene (Columbia), and J. Baraban (Johns Hopkins) for constructive comments to the project and manuscript. We thank L. Gross and A. Kumar for assistance with editing. We thank L.M. Gerber and Z.

• thymidylate synthase inhibitors br What are the local exocyt

  2021-11-15

  

  What are the local exocytotic protein targets of PKC? A direct method for PKC to potentiate insulin release would be to phosphorylate and activate components of the exocytotic machinery. Bulk measurements show that potentiation occurs by enhancement of the calcium sensitivity of exocytosis [56],

• Mammalian CAPS includes two i http

  2021-11-15

  

  Mammalian CAPS includes two isoforms, CAPS-1 and CAPS-2. Both isoforms contain several functional domains, including a C2 domain that is likely responsible for CAPS dimerization (Petrie et al., 2016), a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain that binds PIP2 (phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate) and media

• Recently results obtained by our group have

  2021-11-15

  

  Recently, results obtained by our group have demonstrated that hEECs are able to secrete NPY into the extracellular medium and that this peptide can induce an increase in the [Ca]i of these cells (Jacques et al., 2003b). In light of these results and those obtained in this study, we can speculate th

• hyPerFUsion™ high-fidelity DNA polymerase Although we showed

  2021-11-15

  

  Although we showed that RBL-2H3 Sc98 hyPerFUsion™ high-fidelity DNA polymerase took up histamine from the microenvironment, it was unclear which transporter mediated its passage across the plasma membrane. Other biogenic amines have selective transporters that belong to the neurotransmitter sodium

• Hippo Signaling in Cancer Immunity The Hippo pathway has

  2021-11-15

  

  Hippo Signaling in Cancer Immunity The Hippo pathway has evolutionarily conserved roles in limiting the size of organs [1]. It is a kinase cascade regulating transcriptional complexes in response to various upstream signals (Box 1). At the cellular level, the Hippo pathway inhibits cell proliferati

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